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In Rush to Track Down Leaks, Justice Dept. Reversed Its Own Process
"A judge’s remarks on subpoenas to reporters cast attention on two administration officials under consideration for powerful cabinet posts, Todd Blanche and Jay Clayton.
Jay Clayton, the U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York, at his confirmation hearing to be director of national intelligence earlier this month.Alex Kent/The New York Times
The hearing had just started and Judge Arun Subramanian was no longer allowing Manhattan federal prosecutors to finish their sentences.
Instead, he pressed a top prosecutor, Sean Buckley, for an explanation: Why had the U.S. attorney’s office issued subpoenas to New York Times reporters — typically the final step in a leak investigation — just two days afterthe publication of an articleabout the security concerns of the president’s plane?
“Doesn’t that turn the law and the regulations on their head?” Judge Subramanian asked.
Mr. Buckley did not supply the answer immediately. But after an hour of questioning, he and the other prosecutors voluntarily withdrew the subpoenas, a tacit acknowledgment that the judge was poised to rule the government had not followed the law.
The episode underscored the administration’s hasty effort to identifythe sources of The Times’s reportingas part of a powerful push by Mr. Trump and his top aides to crack down on the news media. The judge’s remarks raised questions about the role of not only Mr. Buckley but also of two high-level Justice Department officials who are under consideration for leading cabinet positions.
The acting attorney general, Todd Blanche, and the current U.S. attorney in New York, Jay Clayton, bothtestified this monththat the issuance of the subpoenas had been in keeping with laws and regulations.
“We followed the processes that we were required to follow,” Mr. Clayton, nominated to be the director of national intelligence, insisted in sworn testimony before a Senate committee, adding, “I’m confident that the procedures that we have in place — to protect the First Amendment and protect the freedom of the press and not result in intimidation of journalists or the like — were followed.”
Mr. Blanche, appearing at his own confirmation hearing last week, told members of the Senate Judiciary Committee that the Justice Department was “not targeting reporters.”
“They’re material witnesses, just like a reporter would be a material witness to a car crash,” added Mr. Blanche, who said he had authorized the subpoenas.
The hearing also threatened to cast a shadow over the incoming leader of the Manhattan prosecutor’s office, which like others has faced President Trump’s tightening grip over the department overall. James M. McDonald,who is expected to take over from Mr. Clayton, was one of the select group of prosecutors involved in the inquiry, according to people with knowledge of the matter.
During the hearing, Manhattan federal prosecutors repeatedly denied any intentional wrongdoing. A spokesman for the U.S. attorney’s office for the Southern District of New York declined to comment. The Justice Department did not respond to a request for comment.
The investigation stemmed from two articles published in early July by The Times aboutthe vulnerabilities of an Air Force One jetthat Qatar had given to Mr. Trump. On July 10, two days after the first article, the F.B.I. director, Kash Patel, was summoned to the White House, where hespent about eight hours overseeing the investigationinto the leak, according to people familiar with the day’s events. That evening, three Times reporters whose names appeared on the articleswere served with subpoenasto testify about their sources before a federal grand jury.
Mr. Clayton and Mr. Blanche have said any actions the department has taken were motivated only by the need to protect national security secrets and to quickly root out leakers who might be jeopardizing Mr. Trump’s safety at a time of heightened threats.
They have pushed back against the claim that the subpoenas were a strong-arm effort by the White House to intimidate journalists and chill officials who step forward with information in the public interest.
After Thursday’s hearing, the Justice Department accused Judge Subramanian of threatening its prosecutors, saying the judge’s conduct disregarded “longstanding principles and common sense.”
“Make no mistake, this investigation remains ongoing, and we will pursue justice against those threatening national security by leaking classified information, a serious federal crime,” the department said in a statement.
Mr. Clayton’s exact role in the inquiry remains unclear. In his Senate hearing, Mr. Clayton said that his office had consulted with officials in Washington in demanding reporters’ testimony. The decisions were made “collectively,” he said, without elaborating on who had been involved.
Mr. Clayton’s signature has been on most of the legal filings, but he has delegated the details to a small group of mostly senior lawyers. In court on Thursday, Mr. Buckley said that he personally had overseen the inquiry since it began.
The investigation has also involved Amanda Houle, the chief of the office’s criminal division, and Kevin T. Sullivan, a career prosecutor in the office’s national security unit who was also questioned fiercely by the judge on Thursday. Mr. Sullivan had omitted relevant details from a request asking to keep private a subpoena to a phone provider, and Judge Subramanian summoned him to the front of the courtroom to answer for it.
“Mr. Sullivan, when you affirmed in your July 14 application to a judge in this court, under penalty of perjury, that the investigation was not public, that was false, correct?” he asked.
“The wording was imprecise,” Mr. Sullivan said.
Judge Subramanian said during the hearing that if lawyers had behaved this way in a civil case, he would consider whether to punish them. After the hearing, the judge asked that prosecutors send him all internal communications regarding the application for the nondisclosure order.
The U.S. attorney’s office does not appear to have followed longstanding Justice Department practice.
A typical investigation into the leak of classified information begins with a referral known as a “crimes report” from the victim agency, or the agency whose information was disseminated, such as the C.I.A. or Defense Department.
There has not yet been any indication as to whether a similar report was created before the subpoenas were issued in the Times inquiry.
For years, under administrations of both parties, including in Mr. Trump’s first term, the Justice Department has used a set of 11 questions, to be answered by the victim agency, to determine whether to proceed with a criminal investigation.
The third question asks: “What are the specific statements that are classified?”
A letter dated Monday from Mr. Clayton’s office to a federal judge seemed to hedge on that basic point, saying that the Times articles “indicated potential leaks of classified or national defense information.”
The sixth question in the report asks whether the disclosed information “previously appeared in an open source publication.” Days before The Times’s July 8 article about the plane’s security issues, The Associated Press reported that photographs of the new plane “show that it is not equipped with at least some of the same missile detection and countermeasure systems as the outgoing Cold War-era jets.”
In a standard classified leak investigation, a trial attorney in the counterintelligence section of the Justice Department would have a discussion with that agency to evaluate the answers after he or she received the agency’s crimes report, according to David Laufman, who once led the department’s counterintelligence and export section, which oversees classified leak investigations.
But Mr. Trump was angry and embarrassed by The Times’s reporting about the security vulnerabilities in an aircraft he had long championed as proof of his deal-making prowess, people close to him have said.
Even before the July 8 article published, a senior F.B.I. official called a Times reporter and editor, asking them not to publish the information and asking them to identify their sources.
In 2012, the Justice Department issued subpoenas for the phone records of reporters at The Associated Press, which had reported on a C.I.A. operation to disrupt a Qaeda plot to bomb a commercial airliner. The department did so nine months after the article in question was published, and only after conducting more than 500 interviews and reviewing tens of thousands of documents.
Since Mr. Trump’s return to office, judgesappear to have blocked subpoenasmore regularly. Still, the hearing on Thursday dealt a blow to prosecutors who lead what has long been considered the most prestigious U.S. attorney’s office in the country.
Even Judge Subramanian, who has been on the bench for three years, seemed in disbelief at the government’s responses, as when Mr. Buckley said that he had not reviewed the application his subordinate had made to the other judge.
“How did you not review the nondisclosure if you were overseeing the investigation?” Judge Subramanian asked.
“Because I don’t review every piece of paper, Judge,” Mr. Buckley replied. His answer would be the same for other missteps in the process, he said.
“Help me understand here,” Judge Subramanian said. “The inadvertent errors and the ‘in hindsight we should have done things differently,’ these things are piling up. Under these circumstances, are you still unwilling to withdraw these subpoenas?”
About 20 minutes later, the government conceded.
Jonah E. Bromwichcovers criminal justice in the New York region for The Times. He is focused on political influence and its effect on the rule of law in the area's federal and state courts.
Glenn Thrushcovers the Department of Justice for The Times and has also written about gun violence, civil rights and conditions in the country’s jails and prisons.
William K. Rashbaumis a Times reporter covering municipal and political corruption, the courts and broader law enforcement topics in New York.
A version of this article appears in print onJuly 25, 2026, SectionA, Page18of the New York editionwith the headline:Leak Inquiry Puts Focus On 2 Picks For Cabinet."
Inside the Rushed Effort to Get Trump His New Air Force One
"A New York Times investigation found that President Trump’s push to speed delivery of the aircraft led to ballooning costs and trade-offs in safety features.
President Trump walked off the new Air Force One at Joint Base Andrews on July 9 after attending a NATO summit in Turkey. A security threat was said to have altered his trip.Doug Mills/The New York Times
President Trump was entranced. It was a few weeks into his second term, and he was on the tarmac of the Palm Beach airport, getting a tour of a luxury Boeing 747-8 that had been flown from Doha for his perusal.
The double-decker jet, which had been outfitted for the Qatari royal family, had a spacious bedroom adorned with leather and wood and a lounge featuring a chandelier and another with suede seats.
Two planes being built by Boeing to replace the aging Air Force One fleet were years behind schedule, and Mr. Trump’s team had asked the Air Force to find a temporary aircraft. This was the one, the president decided.
Mr. Trump’s February 2025 tour of the Qatari jet led to a frantic sprint inside the White House and the Pentagon. The administration sought to upgrade the plane in time to meet his demand for it to be ready by the nation’s 250th birthday this summer, with an accelerated retrofit.
The Qatari plane, parked at Palm Beach International Airport, on Feb. 15, 2025.Al Drago for The New York Times
An investigation by The New York Times found that the president’s push to get the luxury aircraft quickly led to ballooning costs and trade-offs in safety features that potentially left Mr. Trump and others who travel with him on Air Force One vulnerable.
Among the findings:
Mr. Trump was personally engaged in making decisions about the retrofitting of the donated plane, giving the final approval on the features and security measures that would be included, according to people familiar with his role. They and others interviewed for this article described the sensitive information about the process and the plane on the condition of anonymity.
Several key security and safety features on the Boeing planes that have been used for decades as Air Force One are not visible on the upgraded jet, including a lower-level exit for high-risk situations, additional backup power capacity and an advanced antimissile system, public Air Force records and photographs examined by The Times show. The planes currently being built to serve as the permanent presidential fleet are all set tohave such features, federal records show.
The 747-8 plane was overhauled on a compressed timeline of just about eight months. Experts said the jet would have needed several years for a full upgrade.
Because the Qatari jet was being pushed into service so quickly, some White House officials initially expected it would only be used for domestic travel or to visit allied countries with U.S. military bases.
The government spent hundreds of millions of dollars topurchase equipmentneeded to train pilots to fly the 747-8 plane so quickly, on top of the approximately $400 million cost of the upgrades that the administration has publicly acknowledged. The Pentagon has tried to mask the total price tag — including from Congress — bytaking the funds from a classified budgetfor nuclear modernization.
The truncated overhaul of the jet came after Qataragreed to give itto the Defense Department as a gift. It is eventually slated to go to Mr. Trump’s presidential library,an unorthodox donationthat has been criticized as a way for the Middle Eastern country to curry favor with the president.
The security trade-offs of the new Air Force One burst into public view when Mr. Trump was forced to fly out of Turkey earlier this month on a different jet, a swap madeat the urging of the Secret Serviceafter officialsidentifieda credible threat to him by Iranian proxy forces. The New York Times thenreportedthat the new plane lacks some of the same defensive countermeasures as the previous model.
Mr. Trump walked to the new Air Force One at an air base in the United Kingdom on July 8, after deplaning from the older jet he flew on from Turkey.Doug Mills/The New York Times
It is unclear what security measures, including new air-defense technologies, may have been incorporated onto the plane, which the administration has maintained is safe. Nevertheless, the White Houseannouncedthis week that the Qatari-donated jet would be taken out of service this fall for unspecified “upgrades and enhancements.”
“PLANEMAXXING,” the White House declared in asocial media posttouting the move.
The reversal exposes the potential risks that the government took to satisfy Mr. Trump’s demand for an aircraft befitting the grandeur he believes should accompany his office. Experts familiar with the Air Force One program said they were surprised Mr. Trump had decided to use the Qatari-donated plane for overseas trips.
“People need to be aware it has a lot of shortfalls compared to Air Force One; they do add a measure of risk,” said Frank Kendall, who supervised the presidential plane modernization project, first as thePentagon acquisition chiefand then the Air Force secretary under President Joseph R. Biden Jr. from2021until January 2025.
But for Mr. Trump, having to use decades-old planes that frequently needed repairs was an embarrassment. The two 747 jets had been in service since the early 1990s, when the first of themcarriedPresident George H.W. Bush from Washington, D.C., to Topeka, Kansas.
Crowds gathered at the Topeka airport in 1990, after the first flight of a new Air Force One, ferrying President George H.W. Bush. Since then, five other presidents have flown on it.Cliff Schiappa/Associated Press
“When you land and you see Saudi Arabia, and you see U.A.E., and you see Qatar and you see all these — and they have these brand-new Boeing 747s mostly, and you see ours next to it, this is like a totally different plane,” Mr. Trump told Sean Hannity during an interviewon a flight to the Middle Eastin May 2025. He added: “And we’re the United States of America. I believe that we should have the most impressive plane.”
Air Force officials have said the rapid retrofitting of the Qatari plane was a success, describing it as safe, secure and equipped with the most advanced technologies.
“A testament to the Air Force’s ability to innovate and rapidly evolve to ensure the continuity of our government under any conditions,” Gen. Kenneth S. Wilsbach, the Air Force’s chief of staff, said in astatementin May.
The White House has also maintained that the Qatari jet poses no risk for the president and his entourage. In a statement this week, Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, called the new plane “fully mission-ready and safe for presidential travel today.” She said the enhancements it was set to receive this fall would “ensure it remains the most advanced, secure and capable aircraft in the world.”
Fixated on Air Force One
Mr. Trump boarding Air Force One for the first time in January 2017.Doug Mills/The New York Times
It was December 2016, shortly after Mr. Trump’s first election, and he was being briefed on the lengths that the military goes to harden Air Force One.
In a meeting at Mar-a-Lago, Air Force Gen. Carlton D. Everhart II told the incoming president about the “complex and unique systems” required of the Boeing planes “to ensure survivability and reliability,” according to a copy of a once-secretpresentation,reported on earlier by TWZ, a website that covers the Pentagon.
General Everhart described how Air Force Oneservedas a mobile command center for President George W. Bush during the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.
Mr. Everhart, who is now retired, said in an interview that Mr. Trump asked about the plans for a modernized Air Force One, expressing confidence about his own expertise.
“I know about my airplane, because I fly all the time,” Mr. Trump told him, as Mr. Everhart recalled, referring to his private plane informally called Trump Force One.
Mr. Trump’s personal Boeing 757, nicknamed “Trump Force One,” at Palm Beach International Airport in 2023.Josh Ritchie for The New York Times
Mr. Trump remained fixated on Air Force One when he regained the White House. Just weeks after his re-election in 2024, Mr. Trump sent the tech entrepreneur Elon Musk to a Boeing airplane hangar in Texas where the two jets were slowly being transformed.
Mr. Musk’s assignment was to find a way to speed up the Boeing effort, as he and othersbelievedthe project had gotten bogged down by excessively strict security clearance requirements for some of the workers not involved in sensitive features of the plane.
But the Trump transition team also asked the Air Force for a backup plan, according to former and current Air Force officials: toscourBoeing’s list of all 747-8 airplanes in service to see if there was another in the world that could be quickly procured for Mr. Trump.
Military officials were already concerned about the number of repairs needed for the aging planes in the presidential fleet. The 747-8, the latest model of the Boeing jet, is different from the one that had been used for decades as Air Force One. It has modernized electronic flight controls, aredesigned wing systemand engines and a larger cabin and upper deck, among other changes. The Air Force limited the choice to this plane because it has four engines,providing an extra marginof safety if one failed.
But even afterlocating the Qatari jet, the Air Force knew that it would cost more than $1 billion and take years to install the same features as the planes built to serve as Air Force One, according to Mr. Kendall and other former Air Force officials.
Some of the security features on the old Air Force One
Two auxiliary power units to ensure power for the plane
A lower entryway to allow exit and entry in less secure environments
Multiple self-defense systems, including infrared countermeasure devices
Pentagon documentsshow that those Boeing jets must undergo a series of major structural changes to be part of the presidential fleet. Holes must be carefully cut into the fuselage to build a lower entryway, allowing the president to exit and enter in less secure environments. An “autonomous baggage loading” system has to be added to reduce the reliance on foreign ground crews.
Hundreds of miles of electrical wiring and electronic components have to be shielded from an electromagnetic pulse, such as from a nuclear weapon detonation.
The official planes also require a second small engine — known as an auxiliary power unit — to be installed near the rear of the jet to serve as a backup for communication systems and other vital electronics gear. They also need some of the most advanced communications equipment and what the Pentagon has called a “self-defense system.”
The missile defense systems include infrared countermeasures, which can detect, track and jam incoming missile threats and are installed on the plane’s wings near the engines and its tail, according to detailed schematics of the planes prepared for emergency responders.
All the upgrades are “inherently expensive,” one Air Forcebriefing said, outstripping the roughly $400 million the military initially estimated it would cost just for the two jets.
The latest total estimate:$5.1 billionfor the entire modernization effort, now slated to be completed in 2028 — 13 years after the Air Forcefirst decidedto rely on 747-8 jets for the project.
A Push for Speed
A model of a forthcoming Air Force One on a table in the Oval Office last October.Doug Mills/The New York Times
Inside the Oval Office, where Mr. Trump displays a model of a gleaming new Air Force One plane, the president was assessing plans to retrofit the Qatari jet.
Mr. Trump also made it very clear: He wanted the plane in time for America’s 250th birthday, on July 4, 2026.
Early on, White House officials had expected the upgrades would take 18 to 24 months. Once the timeline was truncated, some officials believed Mr. Trump would only use the retrofitted Qatari jet for domestic travel or to allied countries in safe regions.
By the time the Air Forcegot ownershipof the plane in August, it had less than a year.
On Aug. 8, the 747-8 lifted off from Fort Worth, Texas, where it had been stored for months, and landed in Waco, the home of a sprawling complex owned by L3Harris, a military contractor selected to retrofit the Qatari plane. The terms of the contract and the total price have not been made public.
Executives at L3Harris said that even before starting major work on the plane, it was searched for any listening devices or other electronics that might have been installed before the United States took possession of it.
The Qatari jet at San Antonio International Airport last May. The plane was flown to Waco, Texas, in August, to be retrofitted.Brandon Lingle/The San Antonio Express-News, via Associated Press
It was “a very rigorous process, really in advance of us even working on it,” said Jason Lambert, the president of L3Harris’s intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance division, in a Juneinterview with Breaking Defense, an industry trade publication. He added that the process was “performed by our electronic warfare experts in conjunction with the U.S. government’s leaders in cybersecurity to fully inspect and ensure that everything within that aircraft was safe for the mission.”
The company assigned as many as 400 employees, working around the clock over three shifts, to supercharge the effort.
But from the start, it was clear there would be some limits on what they could do, Mr. Lambert told Breaking Defense. The interior of the plane would get the presidential seal and new wood and leather furnishings, he said. But major adjustments such as moving bulkheads or fixed structures inside the aircraft were not doable.
Documents examined by The Times show other features were also left out.
For decades, Air Force One has allowed the president to arrive at and depart any airport without having to rely on standard ground equipment.
The plane has had a lower side door with self-contained stairs, which is easier to protect. Mr. Trump used that entrance while boarding the old Air Force One last October after the Secret Service discovered what itsuspected was a hunter’s standhidden at the edge of the Palm Beach, Fla., airport.
Mr. Bush also used the lower stairs on Sept. 11, 2001, when he landed unexpectedlyat an Air Force base in Louisiana, with military personnel armed with machine guns helping guard him.
Air Force One at Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana on Sept. 11, 2001.Doug Mills/Associated Press
But the retrofitted Qatari jet has no such entrance or a similar rear door with self-contained stairs, according to experts who examined photographs of the plane for The Times.
Administration officials did not dispute that. There was a “reduction of the number of airstairs” for autonomous entry and exit, a Pentagon official told The Times.
Lower entryway
door with
retractable
stairs
Photo by Eric Lee/The New York Times
Lower
entryway
door
Photo by Doug Mills/The New York Times
No lower
entryway
Photo by U.S. Air Force
With presidential paint
No lower
entryway
Photo by Doug Mills/The New York Times
Photographs of the retrofitted Qatari jet also do not show the infrared countermeasures systems that are installed near the engines of the old Air Force One and documented in the schematics prepared for emergency responders.
Such infrared devices are designed to detect any approaching missile threats, start immediately tracking them and send a high-intensity laser beam into the approaching missile to disrupt its approach,according to one manufacturer.
It is unclear what other self-defense technology may have been added to the Qatari-donated jet. The administration declined to address its security capabilities. A White House official called it “secure and well-protected” and said that officials were always looking for ways to modernize air defense systems.
The Air Force One jets are alsosupposed to havetwo auxiliary power units designed to provide electricity if there is a power disruption, even while the plane is in flight.
Only one of these units is visible on the new plane, while two are visible on the old Air Force One. A federal official confirmed that the second unit was not installed on the Qatari jet; the White House did not dispute it was absent.
Mr. Trump wanted the new plane ready for the country’s 250th birthday. It flew for the first time as Air Force One to North Dakota on July 1.Doug Mills/The New York Times
It is unclear how L3Harris or the Air Force addressed a separate issue that has plagued the Boeing jets: cracks in longitudinal rods that stiffen and support the fuselage skin.
Since2023, the Federal Aviation Administration haswarnedthe cracks create an “unsafe condition” that “could adversely affect the structural integrity of the airplane.” It ordered owners of 747-8 planes to inspect for such cracks and repair any.
MultiplereportsfiledwiththeF.A.A. andAir Force auditsdetail the expensive and time-consuming efforts to find and fix the cracks in the planes that it is building to serve as Air Force One jets. Some only became apparent when the planes were stripped down to their frames.
Referring to the Qatari-donated plane, the White House official said the aircraft will have those efforts completed as required by the F.A.A., although it did not say if such fixes had been made. L3Harris did not respond to requests for comment.
The Qatari-donated jet as seen at Joint Air Force Base Andrews in Maryland in June.Allison Robbert for The New York Times
The plane has another complication: sideways-facing seats. An F.A.A. safety rule mandates that planes with unusual seat arrangements perform special checks withcrash-test dummiesto ensure that passengers would not be injured during emergency landings.
Documents obtained by The Times show that a subcontractorworking on the planefiled paperwork seeking a “special condition” approval from the F.A.A. allowing it to fly.
On July 1, the first day that Mr. Trump was traveling on the new Air Force One, the F.A.A. published apublic noticethat the request had been approved days earlier.
Similar approvals have been granted for other Boeing 747-8 planes used as luxury carriers. But Sandy Murdock, a former F.A.A. chief counsel, said the approval appeared to be granted just in time for Mr. Trump to fly on the plane.
The White House official said the Air Force had worked with the F.A.A. to ensure that “all Air Force aircraft are safe to fly and operate.”
The rushed process also led to costs far beyond the roughly $400 million in taxpayer money that the Air Force estimated would be spent to retrofit the jet.
During that process, the Air Force had to accelerate training for its pilots, as the 747-8 has a different cockpit than the old jets. To do so, the Air Force leased an Atlas Air cargo 747-8 jet from October until February, a plane that costshundreds of thousands of dollarsa month, to use for “interim pilot qualification training,” records show. The Air Force did not disclose how much it paid for the lease.
Another 747-8 aircraft seen in a hangar at Joint Base Andrews in June, the day Mr. Trump unveiled the new Air Force One.Allison Robbert for The New York Times
Given the tight deadline, the Air Force then moved in December to buy yet another 747-8, this one from Lufthansa to serve as a “dedicated trainer aircraft for aircrew” so that the Pentagon had “immediate operational readiness,” the Air Force said in a statement. It also purchased a second one to supply spare parts. The total cost for both: another $400 million, an Air Force official said.
Both jets will be useful once the new Boeing Air Force One planes are in service. But the need to acquire them so quickly was driven by the arrival of the Qatari jet, the Air Force has said.
The administration has declined to say how the overall project has been financed. But Air Force Secretary Troy E. Meink acknowledged in Senatetestimonythat the government was using funds from a nuclear modernization program called Sentinel. Last summer, $934 million was transferred from that program to an unnamed classified project, as The Timespreviously reported.
Senator Christopher S. Murphy, Democrat of Connecticut, hasrepeatedly pressedTrump administration officials for information about the costs and security systems of the temporary Air Force One. He said the funding maneuver was an effort to avoid scrutiny.
“We routinely discuss the cost of the existing Air Force One modifications,” Mr. Murphy said. “But they have declared this work to be a national security secret that cannot be divulged even to appropriators. That is absolutely unacceptable.”
A Security Threat
A photograph released by the U.S. government showing the unpainted Qatari-donated aircraft during a flight test over Texas.U.S. Air Force
This spring, Mr. Trump’s dream plane finally took to the air again.
At 2:36 p.m. onApril 16,just eight months after work began on the jet, it began flying in circles around Texas and Louisiana. Six more test flights followed that month.
By May 1, the Air Force was ready to declare a victory of sorts. “VC-25B Bridge aircraft has officially completed modification and flight testing and is being painted,” theAir Force saidin a statement, referring to the formal military name for the retrofitted Qatari jet.
But military officials also acknowledged that they went without certain elements. Overall, the Air Force said, “no risk was taken in security, safety or mission communications, but the collective teammade tradeson some of the less commonly used mission sets,” without providing details.
The plane was moved to a warehouse to be painted. Rather than using the trademark robin’s egg blue and white designcommissionedin 1962 by President John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy, Mr. Trump wanted a color scheme of red, white, gold and dark blue.
“The baby blue doesn’t fit with us,” he told Fox News.
The Air Force had previously rejectedthis change pushed by Mr. Trump in his first term,concluding that the darker color “added heat in certain environments” and potentially could disrupt sensitive electronic components installed in the lower part of the plane.
But Mr. Trump overrode those objections. He had been showing off a model Air Force One with the new paint scheme for years, both at his Mar-a-Lago club and even at one of his 2025 inaugural balls.
A cake decorated with a model of the new jet was part of the festivities at the Commander in Chief Ball during Mr. Trump’s second inauguration.Ruth Fremson/The New York Times
Mr. Trump was effusive last month as he looked over the retrofitted plane, parked inside a hanger at a military base in Maryland.
Standing below his new jet, the president took out one of his Sharpies and signed his name on a mechanical panel on its belly, while the song “Y.M.C.A.,” a Trump rally anthem,blasted on speakers.
“This is a plane that the United States of America should have,” Mr. Trump said July 1 as he prepared to board to take it on a debut flight to North Dakota.
Days later, he flew the new Air Force One to Turkey to attend a NATO meeting.
While he was in Ankara, the United States resumed airstrikes on the neighboring country of Iran. The war was just 1,000 miles away from the president.
Early in the morning of July 8, a military official shared bad news with Mr. Trump, who was in his suite at the JW Marriott, according to a person familiar with the situation. U.S. officialsjudged there to be a credible threatthat Iranian proxy forces were targeting him. The Secret Service wanted to change the plans for his departure.
That morning, Mr. Trump announced that the Qatari-donated plane would fly ahead to Mildenhall Air Force Base in the United Kingdom so U.S. service members could see it.
The president, who would later get back on the Qatari jet in England, made no mention of the security threat when heannouncedthe change on Truth Social.
For his part, Mr. Trump would fly out of Ankara on the old Air Force One, he wrote, “for old time’s sake.”
The older Air Force One being prepared for Mr. Trump’s departure from Turkey on July 8.Doug Mills/The New York Times
Julian E. Barnes,Eric Schmitt,Greg Kendall-BallandZolan Kanno-Youngscontributed reporting.
Eric Lipton is a Times investigative reporter, who digs into a broad range of topics from Pentagon spending to toxic chemicals.
Tyler Pager is a White House correspondent for The Times, covering President Trump and his administration.
Maggie Haberman is a White House correspondent for The Times, reporting on President Trump.